Tax Tips
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 - Overview - August 2003
Richard Scrivanich - Partner
I'm sure you've heard or read about passage of the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, and the political controversy it has stirred up. Naturally, the first question in your mind is: "how am I affected by this new law?" That's the purpose of this article. It highlights how the new law will cut your tax bill for 2003. It also gives you an idea of the changes that are in store for future years and why tax and financial planning has become more complex than ever before. In next month's Tax Tips, we'll take a look at how businesses and corporations are affected by this new law.
Reductions in taxes on dividends and capital gains.
An important component of the 2003 Jobs and Growth Act, particularly if you are an investor, is a reduction in the taxes on dividends and capital gains. These lower rates can mean considerable tax savings for taxpayers, although they are not permanent, since they will cease to apply after 2008, barring additional Congressional action to extend them. Here are more details regarding dividends and capital gains under the Act.
Under the 2003 Jobs and Growth Act, effective for sales and exchanges (and installment payments received) after May 5, 2003, and before Jan. 1, 2009, the 10% and 20% rates on adjusted net capital gain are reduced to 5% (zero, in 2008) and 15% respectively, for both regular tax and the alternative minimum tax (AMT). The lower rates apply to sales of capital assets held more than one year. Because this 5% drop in the capital gains rate is more than the 3.6% drop in the top individual rate under the 2003 Jobs and Growth Act and the 2% drop in other individual rates, the advantage of long-term capital gains over other types of taxable income is even greater for high earners than it was before.
Note, however, that there is no cut in the 28% capital gains rate affecting collectibles and certain small business stock and the 25% rate affecting gains representing depreciation claimed on MACRS realty.
For dividends received in tax years beginning after 2002 and before 2009, dividends received by an individual shareholder from domestic corporations are treated as adjusted net capital gain for purposes of applying the capital gain tax rates. In other words, the dividends are taxed at rates of 5% (zero, in 2008) and 15% for both regular tax and AMT purposes. This results in substantial tax savings for dividend recipients given the fact that, under pre-2003 Jobs and Growth Act law, the dividends were taxed as ordinary income at rates up to 38.6%.
Acceleration of certain previously enacted tax benefits and reductions for individuals.
An important component of the 2003 Jobs and Growth Act speeds up previously enacted tax benefits and reductions that were scheduled to be phased in over the next several years. These acceleration provisions include:
…Acceleration of 10% individual income tax rate bracket expansion. The expansion in the width of the 10% rate bracket for single and joint filers is accelerated from 2008 to 2003. Thus, under the 2003 Jobs and Growth Act, the 10% tax bracket for 2003 ends at $14,000 (up from $12,000) of taxable income for joint filers and $7,000 (up from $6,000) for single filers and marrieds filing separately, and for 2004, both of these figures will be indexed for inflation. The endpoint of the 10% bracket for heads of household remains unchanged at $12,000. From 2005 through 2007, the end point of the 10% bracket will revert to the $12,000/$6,000 levels (and under 2001 EGTRRA, will go up to $14,000/$7,000 for 2008 through 2010).
Acceleration of reduction in individual income tax rates. The 2003 Jobs and Growth Act change that will affect the widest number of taxpayers is an immediate reduction of the marginal tax brackets paid by all but the lowest earners. Under the change, the tax rates above 15% for 2003 and later years are 25%, 28%, 33%, and 35% (previously rates for 2003 above 15% were 27%, 30%, 35%, and 38.6%). These rate reductions were scheduled for 2006 under 2001 EGTRRA. After 2010, rates above 15% will revert to the pre-2001 EGTRRA levels (i.e., to 28%, 31%, 36% and 39.6%).
Acceleration of marriage-penalty relief. The 2003 Jobs and Growth Act reduces so-called marriage penalties (i.e., tax-law provisions that force two-income couples to pay more in taxes each year merely because they are married). The basic standard deduction amount for joint returns will be double ($9,500 for 2003) the basic standard deduction amount for single returns (under the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (2001 EGTRRA), this wasn't scheduled to be fully phased in until 2009). However, for tax years beginning after 2004, a joint return filer's basic standard deduction will revert to pre-2003 Jobs and Growth Act levels (e.g., for 2005, to 174% of a single return filer's basic standard deduction). Furthermore, in 2003 and 2004, the end point of the 15% tax bracket for joint returns will be twice the end point of the 15% tax bracket for single returns (under 2001 EGTRRA, this wasn't scheduled to happen until 2008). In other words, for 2003, the 15% tax bracket for joint filers applies to taxable income over $14,000 (up from $12,000) but not over $56,800 (up from $47,450). However, for tax years beginning after 2004, the end point will, like the basic standard deduction amount, revert to pre-2003 Jobs and Growth Act (e.g., for 2005, 180% of the end point of the 15% tax bracket for single returns).
Acceleration of increase in child tax credit. For 2003, 2004 and 2005, the child tax credit will increase to $1,000 per qualifying dependent child under 17 (up from the $600 per qualifying child for 2003-2004 and $700 for 2005 that was provided for under pre-2003 Jobs and Growth Act law), but after 2005 the child tax credit will fall back to $700 for 2006-2008. What's more, for 2003, the increased amount of the child tax credit will be paid in advance beginning in mid-July over a period of three weeks. Thus, a typical qualifying family will receive an advance payment check for up to $400 per qualifying child who is under age 17 as of the end of 2003. Note that the income limits related to the child tax credit are unchanged by the 2003 Jobs and Growth Act, which means that the amount of the credit allowable is reduced or eliminated for taxpayers with adjusted gross income (AGI) over certain levels: $75,000 for singles and $110,000 for married couples. However, taxpayers who didn't qualify in the past for the child tax credit because of AGI limitations may now qualify for a portion because of the increased credit (even though they won't get an advance payment).
…Minimum tax relief to individuals. The 2003 Jobs and Growth Act also includes some relief from the alternative minimum tax, or AMT. For 2003 and 2004, the maximum AMT exemption for joint filers and surviving spouse is increased to $58,000 (up from $49,000 under pre-2003 Jobs and Growth Act law) and for unmarried taxpayers is increased to $40,250 (up from $35,750) for joint filers and surviving spouses and $40,250 for unmarried taxpayers, reverting to $45,000 and $33,750 after 2004. Under pre-Jobs and Growth Act law, the AMT exemption amount for 2003-2004 was $49,000 for joint filers and surviving spouses and $35,750 for unmarried taxpayers, reverting to $45,000 and $33,750 for 2005 and later tax years.
In next month's tax tips we'll take a look at how businesses and corporations are affected by the new tax law.
In the meantime, if you have any questions about this new tax law or any other tax matter, please give me a call at (562) 698-9891.
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